ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS are those factors in the environment which can influence living organisms or cause changes in any habitat, be it aquatic or terrestrialEcological factors are grouped into two categories.
They are biotic and abiotic factors
What are the biotic factors that affect ecology?
Listed below are the Biotic factors affecting ecosystem1.
HOW COMPETETION AFFECT ECOLOGY:
competition involves in the interaction between two organisms of the same species or different species in which one outgrows the other and the other die or cannot survive2.
HOW PARASITISM AFFECT ECOLOGY:
this is a close association between two organisms in which one, called parasite lives on the other called host for survival. The parasite usually benefits from the association while the host suffers and most often dies out3.
HOW COMMENSALISM AFFECT ECOLOGY:
commensalism is an association between two organisms living together in which only one, the commensal, benefits from the association while the other is neither harmed nor benefits4.
HOW PREDATION AFFECT ECOLOGY:
predation is a type of association between two organisms in which the predator kills the other called the prey and feeds directly on it5.
HOW PATHOGENS AFFECT ECOLOGY:
these are micro-organisms which can be either plants or animals in an environment which can cause diseases to plant and animals that eventually leads to their death6.
HOW MORTALITY RATE AFFECT ECOLOGY:
mortality is the death rate of organisms either plants or animals in an environment. Mortality generally reduces the population of organisms in any habitat7.
WAYS IN WHICH MIGRATION AFFECT ECOLOGY:
this is the movement of organisms from habitat to another. Immigration then is the movement of organisms from a habitat into a new one while emigration is those moving out. These movement generally have effects on the other organisms inhibiting the same habitat8.
DISPERSAL AGENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DISPERSAL AFFECT ECOLOGY:
dispersal is the spreading of new organisms or individual from their parents to new habitat so as to start a new life. Such movement also affects the ecosystem or life in their new area9.
NATALITY RATE CAN AFFECT ECOLOGY
Natality is the rate of giving birth to new offspring. Natality is generally known the population of the habitat which will eventually lead to some problems within the habitat competing for food or survival10.
FOOD SUPPLY AFFECT ECOLOGY:
availability of food in an habitat generally lead to increase in population in an habitat11.
DISEASES:
diseases are known ton decrease the population of organisms in any habitat12.
PEST:
pest are known to affect the performance of plants in terms of yield and growth and severe cases the plant may dieABIOTIC FACTOR AFFECTING AN ECOSYSTEM
The abiotic factors affecting an ecosystem includes the following1.
CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECOSYSTEM:
these are temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, pressure and sunshine2.
CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECOSYSTEM:
these are made up of oxygen, carbon dioxide, mineral salts, water and nitrogen3.
EDAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECOSYSTEM:
These consist of soil, its water, chemical and physical composition, its pH, nutrients, profile, structure and texture.4.
TOPOGRAPHY AFFECTING THE ECOSYSTEM
these are caused as a result of the shape of the earth’s surface, like the effect of rivers, hills, mountains and valleysECOLOGICAL FACTORS COMMON TO ALL HABITATS
There are common factors that affect nearly all the habitat, these are as followsHow temperature determines the ecosystem
1. Temperature determine the vegetation of an area2. Temperature is necessary for the germination of seeds
3. Temperature affects the distribution plants and animals
4. It regulates the activities of major living things
5. Temperature affects evaporation and transpiration, and reduces the performance of plants and animals
6. It affects the wilting field crops
7. Temperature may lead to loss of soil nutrient through volatilization
8. Unfavourable temperature may result in seed dormancy
How rainfall determines the type of habitat found in a place
1. Rainfall; determines season in some places like Nigeria where we have rainy and dry seasons2. Rainfall determine the vegetation of a place
3. Rainfall determine the distribution of plants and animals
4. Rainfall provides the dwelling place for some organisms like fish
5. Rainfall is necessary for seed germination
6. Rainfall helps to dissolve nutrient in the soil
7. Rainfall is the main source of water to rivers, lakes and seas
8. Plants use water for photosynthesis
Inportance of wind to an habitat
1. Wind also determine seasons in Nigeria2. Wind helps in the distribution of rainfall
3. Wind aids in the spread of diseases
4. It aids the pollination of plant flowers
5. Wind aids the dispersal of seeds and fruits
6. High velocity wind causes wind erosion
7. Wind is responsible for water current and waves
Importance of sunlight to and habitat
1. Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis to take place in green plants2. It affects avapo-transpiration
3. Light affect the productivity of crops
4. Light affects flowering and fruiting plants
5. Light is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms
6. Light affect the activities of animals
Importance of pressure to and habitat
1. The atmospheric pressure decreases as one goes up from the sea level2. In aquatic environment, pressure increases as one moves down the water
3. Plants and animals have a special level of adaptation to pressure to enable them live or survive
4. Too high or too low pressure will always affects the life and performance of plants and animals
5. Pressure is responsible for movement of winds
how will hydrogen ion concentration affect an habitats
1. pH values ranges from 1 to 14, with pH 1 been very acidic, pH 7 neutral while pH 14 is alkaline2. living organisms are highly sensitive to pH change4s in the environment
3. too high or too low pH will affect the life of both plants and animals
4. plants and animals are adapted to special pH values
5. most plants strive well in neutral or slightly alkaline while acidic soil supports very little vegetation
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS COMMON TO AQUATIC HABITATS
The following are the factors affecting aquatic habitat1.
temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind ,pressure, pH and light
have all been explained earlier2.
What is salinity and its importance in aquatic system or habitat:
salinity is defined as the degree of saltiness or concentration of salt solution in water. Salinity is low in fresh water, high in sea water and moderate ion brackish waterAquatic organisms need to maintain the osmotic
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